From Chemical Mutagenesis to Post‐Expression Mutagenesis: A 50 Year Odyssey

From Chemical Mutagenesis to Post‐Expression Mutagenesis: A 50 Year Odyssey

Site-directed (gene) mutagenesis has been the most useful method available for the conversion of one amino acid residue of a given protein into another. Until relatively recently, this strategy was limited to the twenty standard amino acids. The ongoing maturation of stop codon suppression and related technologies for unnatural amino acid incorporation has greatly expanded access to nonstandard...

Chemical mutagenesis: From plants to human

Following the discovery that chemicals, like ionizing radiation, can induce mutations in Drosophila in the 1940s, work on chemical mutagenesis was started in many parts of the world. At the Botany Division of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, chemical mutagenesis studies in crop plants were initiated by M. S. Swaminathan in the 1950s. This brief review deals with progress of chemical muta...

Chemical mutagenesis.

Transseptal left heart catheterization a 50-year odyssey.

Development in the 1950s of the transseptal technique for left heart catheterization is described. Initial studies in animals and human cadavers were followed up by left atrial puncture with measurements of left atrial and left ventricular (LV) pressure (the latter using a small plastic catheter) in patients with cardiac disease. Many such procedures were performed safely without complications....

Aflatoxin: a 50-year odyssey of mechanistic and translational toxicology.

Since their discovery 50 years ago, the aflatoxins have become recognized as ubiquitous contaminants of the human food supply throughout the economically developing world. The adverse toxicological consequences of these compounds in populations are quite varied because of a wide range of exposures leading to acute effects, including rapid death, and chronic outcomes such as hepatocellular carci...